John & Mary R Markle Foundation | Foundation Profile
GrantBay analyzes IRS Form 990-PF data to help grant seekers find fit funders like John & Mary R Markle Foundation. Data shown is extracted from Form 990-PF filings.
EIN: 13-1770307
Foundation Overview
Based in New York, NY, John & Mary R Markle Foundation has awarded 126 grants totaling $7,531,000 to organizations in Texas, District of Columbia and 12 other states, plus international recipients. Individual grants range from $1,000 to $225,000, with a median award of $43,750.
Latest Form 990-PF Snapshot
Foundation Intelligence
Advanced analytics and strategic insights to help nonprofit organizations assess grant opportunities and optimize their application strategies
New Applicant Friendliness
16 of 46 recipients (35%) were new grantees. Foundation maintains loyal partnerships while remaining open to qualified new applicants with strong proposals.
Geographic Focus
Grants are geographically diversified with 30% in District of Columbia and funding distributed across 15 total locations. This foundation values broad geographic impact and diverse community partnerships. Within District of Columbia, funding concentrates in Washington (100%).
Funding Trajectory
Strong 195% growth in annual giving over 2 years indicates expanding philanthropic capacity and increasing opportunities for grant seekers. This upward trajectory suggests growing foundation resources and commitment.
Program Areas
Diversified giving across multiple program areas with primary emphasis on community projects (72%). This broad approach suggests openness to various causes and innovative cross-sector solutions.
Where is The Money Going?
Grants & Funding
Analyzing past grantees provides valuable insights into John & Mary R Markle Foundation's funding preferences, organizational priorities, and grant making patterns. This historical data helps potential applicants understand the foundation's strategic focus and identify successful funding approaches.
| Name | Amount | Location | Purpose | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Association Of Chamber Of Commerce Executives Foundation | $75,000 | Alexandria, VA, US | Support Grantee To Expand Understanding And Implementation Of Skills-based Practices Within The Chamber Community | 2022 |
| Austin Area Urban League | $75,000 | Austin, TX, US | Grant To Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| Brookings Institution | $20,000 | Washington, DC, US | Grant To Support Infrastructure Workforce Research | 2022 |
| Center For New American Security Inc | $37,500 | Washington, DC, US | Grant To Support Tech Policy Research | 2022 |
| Eno Transportation Foundation Inc | $25,000 | Washington, DC, US | Grant To Support Dot Workforce Challenges Initiative | 2022 |
| European University Institute | $100,000 | Fiesole, FIRENZE, IT | Grant Support Quality Job Creation Research In Eu | 2022 |
| Goodwill Industries Inc | $75,000 | St Paul, MN, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| Goodwill Industries International Inc | $50,000 | Rockville, MD, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Goodwill Industries Of Southern California | $75,000 | Los Angeles, CA, US | Grant To Support Raa Career Coaching | 2022 |
| Goodwill Of North Georgia | $75,000 | Decatur, GA, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| Institute For Workforce Excellence Inc | $37,500 | Indianapolis, IN, US | Support Activator & Training Of Activators | 2022 |
| Local Initiatives Support Corporation | $37,500 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Mi Casa Resource Center | $37,500 | Denver, CO, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| National Urban League Inc | $75,000 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| New America Foundation | $10,000 | Washington, DC, US | General Support /Implementation Of Strategic Plan | 2022 |
| Pathstone Corporation | $37,500 | Rochester, NY, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers | 2022 |
| Pathstone Corporation | $37,500 | Rochester, NY, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers | 2022 |
| President And Fellows Of Harvard College | $2,500 | Cambridge, MA, US | General Support In Memory Of Ash Carter | 2022 |
| Sesame Workshop | $2,500 | New York, NY, US | General Support In Memory Of Lloyd Morrisett | 2022 |
| The Aspen Institute Inc | $75,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support For Aspen Strategy Group's Annual Workshop | 2022 |
| The Aspen Institute Inc | $100,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support For Aspen Strategy Group And Munich Security Conference; Support Asg's Annual Workshop | 2022 |
| Unidosus | $50,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Unidosus | $37,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Association Of Chamber Of Commerce Executives Foundation | $75,000 | Alexandria, VA, US | Support Grantee To Expand Understanding And Implementation Of Skills-based Practices Within The Chamber Community | 2022 |
| Austin Area Urban League | $75,000 | Austin, TX, US | Grant To Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| Brookings Institution | $20,000 | Washington, DC, US | Grant To Support Infrastructure Workforce Research | 2022 |
| Center For New American Security Inc | $37,500 | Washington, DC, US | Grant To Support Tech Policy Research | 2022 |
| Eno Transportation Foundation Inc | $25,000 | Washington, DC, US | Grant To Support Dot Workforce Challenges Initiative | 2022 |
| European University Institute | $100,000 | Fiesole, FIRENZE, IT | Grant Support Quality Job Creation Research In Eu | 2022 |
| Goodwill Industries Inc | $75,000 | St Paul, MN, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| Goodwill Industries International Inc | $50,000 | Rockville, MD, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Goodwill Industries Of Southern California | $75,000 | Los Angeles, CA, US | Grant To Support Raa Career Coaching | 2022 |
| Goodwill Of North Georgia | $75,000 | Decatur, GA, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| Institute For Workforce Excellence Inc | $37,500 | Indianapolis, IN, US | Support Activator & Training Of Activators | 2022 |
| Local Initiatives Support Corporation | $37,500 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Mi Casa Resource Center | $37,500 | Denver, CO, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2022 |
| National Urban League Inc | $75,000 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| New America Foundation | $10,000 | Washington, DC, US | General Support /Implementation Of Strategic Plan | 2022 |
| Pathstone Corporation | $37,500 | Rochester, NY, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers | 2022 |
| Pathstone Corporation | $37,500 | Rochester, NY, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers | 2022 |
| President And Fellows Of Harvard College | $2,500 | Cambridge, MA, US | General Support In Memory Of Ash Carter | 2022 |
| Sesame Workshop | $2,500 | New York, NY, US | General Support In Memory Of Lloyd Morrisett | 2022 |
| The Aspen Institute Inc | $75,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support For Aspen Strategy Group's Annual Workshop | 2022 |
| The Aspen Institute Inc | $100,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support For Aspen Strategy Group And Munich Security Conference; Support Asg's Annual Workshop | 2022 |
| Unidosus | $50,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Unidosus | $37,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2022 |
| Austin Area Urban League | $37,500 | Austin, TX, US | Grant To Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Brookings Institution | $180,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Research On The Creation Of New Jobs From Emerging Technologies; Grant To Support Research On Infrastructure Workforce. | 2021 |
| Center For A New American Security Inc | $75,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Reasearch To Generate Novel Technology Policy Solutions For The Creation And Sustainment Of A More Inclusive Labor Market. | 2021 |
| Concilio De Organizaciones Hispanas | $75,000 | Philadelphia, PA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Council On Foreign Relations | $2,000 | New York, NY, US | Support For Cfrs 2021-2022 Annual Fund | 2021 |
| Eno Transportation Foundation Inc | $85,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Research On Transportation Workforce Challenges At State Departments Of Transportation. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries Inc | $37,500 | St Paul, MN, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries International Inc | $50,000 | Rockville, MD, US | The Purpose Of Supporting The Grantees Participation In The Rework America Alliance. Grant Funds Will Support Personnel Costs And Related Materials And Supplies. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries Of Southern California | $75,000 | Los Angeles, CA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Of North Georgia | $37,500 | Decatur, GA, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Local Initiatives Support Corporation | $37,500 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| Mi Casa Resource Center | $37,500 | Denver, CO, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| National Partnership For Women And Families Inc | $17,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| National Urban League Inc | $100,000 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| New America Foundation | $20,000 | Washington, DC, US | General Support /implementation Of Strategic Plan | 2021 |
| Ny Ehealth Collaborative Inc | $1,000 | New York, NY, US | Discretionary Grant To Support For Gala & Awards Honoring Board Member Dr. Herbert Pardes | 2021 |
| Ser-jobs For Progress Of The Texas Gulf Coast Inc | $75,000 | Houston, TX, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Southwest Economic Solutions | $75,000 | Detroit, MI, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| The Aspen Institute Inc | $225,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support For Aspen Strategy Group And Munich Security Conference; Support Asg's Annual Workshop | 2021 |
| The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | $150,000 | Redwood City, CA, US | Support For Stanford Digital Economy Lab Research On Ai And The Future Of Work: Measuring The Impacts Of Emerging Technologies | 2021 |
| The Community Foundation | $2,000 | Boulder, CO, US | Support For The Boulder Community After A Large Wildfire Impacted The City In January 2022. | 2021 |
| The National Association Of State Energy Officials | $108,000 | Arlington, VA, US | Research To Identify And Implement Strategies To Support The Growth Of A More Inclusive, Diverse, And Well-qualified Clean Energy Infrastructure Workforce. | 2021 |
| Unidosus | $37,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| Urban League Of Greater New Orleans Co Inc | $75,000 | New Orleans, LA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Austin Area Urban League | $37,500 | Austin, TX, US | Grant To Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Brookings Institution | $180,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Research On The Creation Of New Jobs From Emerging Technologies; Grant To Support Research On Infrastructure Workforce. | 2021 |
| Center For A New American Security Inc | $75,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Reasearch To Generate Novel Technology Policy Solutions For The Creation And Sustainment Of A More Inclusive Labor Market. | 2021 |
| Concilio De Organizaciones Hispanas | $75,000 | Philadelphia, PA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Council On Foreign Relations | $2,000 | New York, NY, US | Support For Cfrs 2021-2022 Annual Fund | 2021 |
| Eno Transportation Foundation Inc | $85,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Research On Transportation Workforce Challenges At State Departments Of Transportation. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries Inc | $37,500 | St Paul, MN, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries International Inc | $50,000 | Rockville, MD, US | The Purpose Of Supporting The Grantees Participation In The Rework America Alliance. Grant Funds Will Support Personnel Costs And Related Materials And Supplies. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries Of Southern California | $75,000 | Los Angeles, CA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Of North Georgia | $37,500 | Decatur, GA, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Local Initiatives Support Corporation | $37,500 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| Mi Casa Resource Center | $37,500 | Denver, CO, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| National Partnership For Women And Families Inc | $17,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| National Urban League Inc | $100,000 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| New America Foundation | $20,000 | Washington, DC, US | General Support /Implementation Of Strategic Plan | 2021 |
| Ny Ehealth Collaborative Inc | $1,000 | New York, NY, US | Discretionary Grant To Support For Gala & Awards Honoring Board Member Dr. Herbert Pardes | 2021 |
| Ser-jobs For Progress Of The Texas Gulf Coast Inc | $75,000 | Houston, TX, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Southwest Economic Solutions | $75,000 | Detroit, MI, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| The Aspen Institute Inc | $225,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support For Aspen Strategy Group And Munich Security Conference; Support Asg's Annual Workshop | 2021 |
| The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | $150,000 | Redwood City, CA, US | Support For Stanford Digital Economy Lab Research On Ai And The Future Of Work: Measuring The Impacts Of Emerging Technologies | 2021 |
| The Community Foundation | $2,000 | Boulder, CO, US | Support For The Boulder Community After A Large Wildfire Impacted The City In January 2022. | 2021 |
| The National Association Of State Energy Officials | $108,000 | Arlington, VA, US | Research To Identify And Implement Strategies To Support The Growth Of A More Inclusive, Diverse, And Well-qualified Clean Energy Infrastructure Workforce. | 2021 |
| Unidosus | $37,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| Urban League Of Greater New Orleans Co Inc | $75,000 | New Orleans, LA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Austin Area Urban League | $37,500 | Austin, TX, US | Grant To Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Brookings Institution | $180,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Research On The Creation Of New Jobs From Emerging Technologies; Grant To Support Research On Infrastructure Workforce. | 2021 |
| Center For A New American Security Inc | $75,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Reasearch To Generate Novel Technology Policy Solutions For The Creation And Sustainment Of A More Inclusive Labor Market. | 2021 |
| Concilio De Organizaciones Hispanas | $75,000 | Philadelphia, PA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Council On Foreign Relations | $2,000 | New York, NY, US | Support For Cfrs 2021-2022 Annual Fund | 2021 |
| Eno Transportation Foundation Inc | $85,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support Research On Transportation Workforce Challenges At State Departments Of Transportation. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries Inc | $37,500 | St Paul, MN, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries International Inc | $50,000 | Rockville, MD, US | The Purpose Of Supporting The Grantees Participation In The Rework America Alliance. Grant Funds Will Support Personnel Costs And Related Materials And Supplies. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Industries Of Southern California | $75,000 | Los Angeles, CA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Goodwill Of North Georgia | $37,500 | Decatur, GA, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| Local Initiatives Support Corporation | $37,500 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| Mi Casa Resource Center | $37,500 | Denver, CO, US | Grant Support To Improve Outcomes For Jobseekers. | 2021 |
| National Partnership For Women And Families Inc | $17,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| National Urban League Inc | $100,000 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| New America Foundation | $20,000 | Washington, DC, US | General Support /Implementation Of Strategic Plan | 2021 |
| Ny Ehealth Collaborative Inc | $1,000 | New York, NY, US | Discretionary Grant To Support For Gala & Awards Honoring Board Member Dr. Herbert Pardes | 2021 |
| Ser-jobs For Progress Of The Texas Gulf Coast Inc | $75,000 | Houston, TX, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Southwest Economic Solutions | $75,000 | Detroit, MI, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| The Aspen Institute Inc | $225,000 | Washington, DC, US | Support For Aspen Strategy Group And Munich Security Conference; Support Asg's Annual Workshop | 2021 |
| The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | $150,000 | Redwood City, CA, US | Support For Stanford Digital Economy Lab Research On Ai And The Future Of Work: Measuring The Impacts Of Emerging Technologies | 2021 |
| The Community Foundation | $2,000 | Boulder, CO, US | Support For The Boulder Community After A Large Wildfire Impacted The City In January 2022. | 2021 |
| The National Association Of State Energy Officials | $108,000 | Arlington, VA, US | Research To Identify And Implement Strategies To Support The Growth Of A More Inclusive, Diverse, And Well-qualified Clean Energy Infrastructure Workforce. | 2021 |
| Unidosus | $37,500 | Washington, DC, US | Support Grantees Participation And Leadership In The Rework America Alliance. | 2021 |
| Urban League Of Greater New Orleans Co Inc | $75,000 | New Orleans, LA, US | Grant To Support Equitable Coaching Access And Career Navigation Pathways For Job Seekers. | 2021 |
| Aspen Institute | $100,000 | Washington, DC, US | General | 2020 |
| Austin Area Urban League Inc | $37,500 | Austin, TX, US | Support The Grantee's Efforts To Drive Community Adoption Of Markle's Rework America Alliance Tools And Resources | 2020 |
| Council On Foreign Relations | $2,000 | New York, NY, US | General | 2020 |
| Goodwill Industries Inc | $37,500 | St Paul, MN, US | Support The Grantee's Efforts To Drive Community Adoption Of Markle's Rework America Alliance Tools And Resources | 2020 |
| Goodwill Of North Georgia | $37,500 | Decatur, GA, US | Support The Grantee's Efforts To Drive Community Adoption Of Markle's Rework America Alliance Tools And Resources | 2020 |
| Micasa Resource Center | $37,500 | Denver, CO, US | Support The Grantee's Efforts To Drive Community Adoption Of Markle's Rework America Alliance Tools And Resources | 2020 |
| National Urban League | $100,000 | New York, NY, US | Support The Grantee's Particpation And Leadership In Markle's Rework America Alliance | 2020 |
| Pathstone Corp | $37,500 | Rochester, NY, US | Support The Grantee's Efforts To Drive Community Adoption Of Markle's Rework America Alliance Tools And Resources | 2020 |
Foundations Similar to John & Mary R Markle Foundation
Discover 5 foundations with comparable assets ($120,000,824-$130,637,158), similar grant patterns, and geographic focus in NY that may also align with your organization's funding needs and grant seeking strategy.
| Foundation Name | Total Assets | Typical Grant Size | Service Area | Similarity Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The Harvey & Gloria Kaylie
EIN: 11-3502781 | 210 grants awarded |
$127,060,453
(≈ Similar) |
$33,000
median grant |
New York, NY
Same state |
|
|
Foundation For Child Development
EIN: 13-1623901 | 173 grants awarded |
$122,131,272
(≈ Similar) |
$30,000
median grant |
New York, NY
Same state |
|
|
Alexander Foundation Inc
EIN: 20-3985244 | 182 grants awarded |
$130,637,158
(≈ Similar) |
$75,000
median grant |
New York, NY
Same state |
|
|
Cloud Mountain Foundation
EIN: 04-3493352 | 645 grants awarded |
$120,427,358
(≈ Similar) |
$30,000
median grant |
New York, NY
Same state |
|
|
The 2a Foundation Inc
EIN: 27-0846607 | 166 grants awarded |
$120,000,824
(≈ Similar) |
$75,000
median grant |
New York, NY
Same state |
|
Related Foundation Resources in NY:
Contact Information
Official contact details for John & Mary R Markle Foundation as registered with the IRS. These details are essential for grant applications, correspondence, and due diligence processes.
| EIN | 13-1770307 |
| Website | http://www.markle.org |
| Address | 1270 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS 12TH F New York, NY 10020-1700 |
Key People (13)
Board members, trustees, and key staff who oversee John & Mary R Markle Foundation's grant making decisions and strategic direction. Understanding leadership composition can provide insights into foundation priorities and potential networking opportunities.
| Ceo/president-until 9/30/22 | Zoe Baird |
|---|---|
| Acting President-as Of 10/1/22 | Beth Cobert |
| Director | Steven Denning |
| Director | Cheryl Cohen Effron |
| Director | Margaret Hoover |
Forms 990-PF
IRS Form 990-PF filings provide comprehensive financial information, grant details, and operational data. These documents are essential resources for understanding foundation capacity, giving patterns, and strategic priorities.
Form 990-PF Research Tips
- Review Part XV for detailed grant recipient information and funding purposes
- Check Part I for total assets, annual giving amounts, and payout requirements
- Examine Part VIII for key personnel compensation and board structure
- Look for trends across multiple years to understand giving patterns
About This Foundation Profile
This comprehensive foundation profile for John & Mary R Markle Foundation is powered by Grant Bay's advanced foundation research platform. Our system analyzes IRS Form 990-PF filings, grant histories, and philanthropic patterns to provide nonprofit organizations with actionable intelligence for grant seeking success.
Data Sources & Accuracy
All information is derived from official IRS filings and public records. Grant Bay processes thousands of Form 990-PF documents to extract grant details, financial data, and organizational information. Data accuracy depends on foundation reporting quality and IRS filing completeness.
Research Applications
Use this profile for prospect research, grant strategy development, application preparation, and relationship building. Combine this data with additional research on foundation priorities, application processes, and board member backgrounds for comprehensive grant seeking strategies.